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Standard & Poor's

Often referred to as S&P. A leading credit rating agency and provider of financial information including stock market indices. Its assessments of the credit-worthiness of borrowers are widely watched in the capital markets and can affect the price of bonds, both corporate and sovereign and hence the cost of borrowing.

See also: www.standardandpoors.com,

http://www.sec.gov/news/studies/2008/craexamination070808.pdf,

Moody's, Fitch